Research Methodology MCQ Questions & Answers 2026

TOP 150+ QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Research Methodology Mcq

──── (2026 Edition) ────

❓ 1. Which research approach combines quantitative and qualitative methods in a single study?

• A) Experimental Research
• B) Action Research
• C) Mixed Methods Research
• D) Historical Research
• ✅ Answer : (C) Mixed Methods Research

❓ 2. What is the primary advantage of Mixed Methods Research?

• A) Lower cost
• B) Faster completion
• C) Richer and more comprehensive insights
• D) Eliminates bias completely
• ✅ Answer : (C) Richer and more comprehensive insights

❓ 3. In research, AI-assisted analysis is mainly used for:

• A) Data fabrication
• B) Data collection and analysis support
• C) Replacing researchers entirely
• D) Eliminating literature review
• ✅ Answer : (B) Data collection and analysis support

❓ 4. Which sampling method gives every population member an equal chance of selection?

• A) Purposive Sampling
• B) Snowball Sampling
• C) Convenience Sampling
• D) Simple Random Sampling
• ✅ Answer : (D) Simple Random Sampling

❓ 5. What is the first step in the research process?

• A) Data Collection
• B) Hypothesis Testing
• C) Problem Identification
• D) Report Writing
• ✅ Answer : (C) Problem Identification

❓ 6. Which research design is best for establishing cause-and-effect relationships?

• A) Descriptive
• B) Experimental
• C) Exploratory
• D) Historical
• ✅ Answer : (B) Experimental

❓ 7 . The process of collecting both qualitative and quantitative data simultaneously is called:

• A) Sequential Design
• B) Concurrent Design
• C) Historical Design
• D) Longitudinal Design
• ✅ Answer : (B) Concurrent Design

❓ 8. Which tool is increasingly used for digital research data collection in 2026?

• A) AI-powered surveys
• B) Typewriters
• C) Manual registers
• D) Printed cards only
• ✅ Answer : (A) AI-powered surveys

❓ 9. What does reliability refer to in research?

• A) Accuracy of findings
• B) Consistency of measurement
• C) Research funding
• D) Sample size
• ✅ Answer : (B) Consistency of measurement

❓ 10. Validity refers to:

• A) Research duration
• B) Consistency
• C) Accuracy of measurement
• D) Number of respondents
• ✅ Answer : (C) Accuracy of measurement also visit 🌐Research Paper Writing

❓ 11. Which data collection method provides an in-depth understanding of participants' experiences?

• A) Questionnaire
• B) Observation
• C) Interview
• D) Census
• ✅ Answer : (C) Interview

❓ 12. What is plagiarism?

• A) Proper citation
• B) Original writing
• C) Using others' work without acknowledgment
• D) Data analysis
• ✅ Answer : (C) Using others' work without acknowledgment

❓ 13. Which software is commonly used for quantitative data analysis?

• A) NVivo
• B) ATLAS.ti
• C) SPSS
• D) Mendeley
• ✅ Answer : (C) SPSS

❓ 14. Which software is widely used for qualitative data analysis?

• A) SPSS
• B) MATLAB
• C) NVivo
• D) Excel
• ✅ Answer : (C) NVivo

❓ 15. A hypothesis should be:

• A) Ambiguous
• B) Testable
• C) Lengthy
• D) Emotional
• ✅ Answer : (B) Testable

❓ 16. What is triangulation in research?

• A) Using three researchers only
• B) Using multiple methods or data sources
• C) Using three questionnaires
• D) Three hypotheses
• ✅ Answer : (B) Using multiple methods or data sources

❓ 17. Which research paradigm is commonly associated with Mixed Methods Research?

• A) Positivism
• B) Interpretivism
• C) Pragmatism
• D) Constructivism
• ✅ Answer : (C) Pragmatism

❓ 18. What is a pilot study?

• A) Final research report
• B) Small-scale preliminary study
• C) Literature review
• D) Data coding process
• ✅ Answer : (B) Small-scale preliminary study

❓ 19. Which type of data is numerical in nature?

• A) Qualitative Data
• B) Narrative Data
• C) Quantitative Data
• D) Thematic Data
• Answer: (C) Quantitative Data

❓ 20. Which ethical principle requires participant consent before data collection?

• A) Reliability
• B) Transparency
• C) Informed Consent
• D) Triangulation
• ✅ Answer : (C) Informed Consent also visit 🌐 Thesis Writing Service

❓ 21. What is the main purpose of a literature review?

• A) Collect primary data
• B) Analyze statistics
• C) Identify research gaps
• D) Publish findings
• ✅ Answer : (C) Identify research gaps

❓ 22. Which of the following is a secondary data source?

• A) Interview
• B) Observation
• C) Published Journal Article
• D) Focus Group
• ✅ Answer : (C) Published Journal Article

❓ 23. What is the major challenge of Mixed Methods Research?

• A) Lack of insights
• B) Integration of different data types
• C) No data collection needed
• D) No analysis required
• ✅ Answer : (B) Integration of different data types

❓ 24. In 2026, which trend is significantly influencing research methodology?

• A) Typewritten surveys
• B) AI-assisted research workflows
• C) Elimination of sampling
• D) Paper-only analysis
• ✅ Answer : (B) AI-assisted research workflows

❓ 25. Which research approach is most suitable for studying complex real-world problems?

• A) Single Method Research
• B) Historical Research
• C) Mixed Methods Research
• D) Pure Observation
• ✅ Answer : (C) Mixed Methods Research

❓ 26. Which of the following is a characteristic of good research?

• A) Bias
• B) Subjectivity
• C) Systematic Approach
• D) Assumptions
• ✅ Answer : (C) Systematic Approach

❓ 27. What is the primary purpose of a research hypothesis?

• A) To summarize findings
• B) To provide a testable prediction
• C) To collect data
• D) To review literature
• ✅ Answer : (B)To provide a testable prediction

❓ 28. Which sampling method is commonly used when studying hard-to-reach populations?

• A) Random Sampling
• B) Stratified Sampling
• C) Snowball Sampling
• D) Cluster Sampling
• ✅ Answer : (C) Snowball Sampling

❓ 29. What does "research gap" mean?

• A) Missing references
• B) Unexplored area in existing research
• C) Statistical error
• D) Invalid hypothesis
• ✅ Answer : (B) Unexplored area in existing research

❓ 30. Which type of validity measures whether a tool accurately measures what it intends to measure?

• A) Internal Validity
• B) Construct Validity
• C) External Validity
• D) Predictive Validity
• ✅ Answer : (B) Construct Validity also visit 🌐 Research Proposal Writing

❓ 31. What is the main objective of a pilot study?

• A) Publish results
• B) Test the feasibility of the research design
• C) Increase sample size
• D) Generate citations
• ✅ Answer : (B) Test feasibility of research design

❓ 32. Which research method focuses on understanding participants' experiences?

• A) Quantitative Research
• B) Experimental Research
• C) Qualitative Research
• D) Survey Research
• ✅ Answer : (C) Qualitative Research

❓ 33. Which section of a research paper identifies limitations of the study?

• A) Abstract
• B) Introduction
• C) Discussion
• D) References
• ✅ Answer : (C) Discussion

❓ 34. What is the purpose of randomization in experimental research?

• A) Increase cost
• B) Reduce bias
• C) Increase complexity
• D) Eliminate variables
• ✅ Answer : (B) Reduce bias

❓ 35. Which statistical measure represents the average value of a dataset?

• A) Median
• B) Mode
• C) Mean
• D) Range
• ✅ Answer : (C) Mean

❓ 36. What is informed consent?

• A) Data Analysis Method
• B) Participant's voluntary agreement after understanding the study
• C) Research Funding
• D) Research Design
• ✅ Answer : (C) Participant's voluntary agreement after understanding the study

❓ 37. Which database is widely used for indexed research publications?

• A) WhatsApp
• B) Instagram
• C) Scopus
• D) Telegram
• ✅ Answer : (C) Scopus

❓ 38. What is the full form of DOI?

• A) Digital Object Identifier
• B) Data Output Index
• C) Document Order Identifier
• D) Digital Output Interface
• ✅ Answer : (A) Digital Object Identifier

❓ 39. Which research approach is best for studying cause-and-effect relationships?

• A) Historical Research
• B) Experimental Research
• C) Descriptive Research
• D) Case Study
• ✅ Answer : (B) Experimental Research

❓ 40. Which citation style is commonly used in social science research?

• A) APA
• B) MLA
• C) Vancouver
• D) IEEE
• ✅ Answer : (A) APA also visit 🌐 Review Paper Writing

❓ 41. What is plagiarism?

• A) Original Writing
• B) Proper Citation
• C) Using someone else's work without acknowledgment
• D) Peer Review
• ✅ Answer : (C)Using someone else's work without acknowledgment

❓ 42. Which type of review summarizes findings from multiple studies using statistical methods?

• A) Narrative Review
• B) Systematic Review
• C) Meta-analysis
• D) Literature Survey
• ✅ Answer : (C) Meta-analysis

❓ 43. What is an independent variable?

• A) Outcome Variable
• B) Variable manipulated by the researcher
• C) Control Variable
• D) Dependent Variable
• ✅ Answer : (B) Variable manipulated by the researcher

❓ 44. Which AI tool category is increasingly used for literature screening?

• A) Spreadsheet Software
• B) Large Language Models (LLMs)
• C) Antivirus Software
• D) Media Players
• ✅ Answer : (B) Large Language Models (LLMs)

❓ 45. What is the major advantage of Open Science?

• A) Restricted Access
• B) Increased Transparency and Reproducibility
• C) Fewer Citations
• D) Reduced Data Quality
• ✅ Answer : (B) Increased Transparency and Reproducibility

❓ 46. Which type of research is conducted to solve immediate practical problems?

• A) Basic Research
• B) Applied Research
• C) Historical Research
• D) Exploratory Research
• ✅ Answer : (B) Applied Research

❓ 47. What is the primary purpose of peer review?

• A) Increase publication fees
• B) Evaluate research quality and validity
• C) Improve marketing
• D) Generate citations
• ✅ Answer : (B) Evaluate research quality and validity

❓ 48. Which of the following is a secondary source of data?

• A) Interview
• B) Survey
• C) Journal Article
• D) Observation
• ✅ Answer : (C) Journal Article

❓ 49. What does "reproducibility" mean in research?

• A) Publishing multiple papers
• B) Obtaining similar results using the same methodology
• C) Increasing sample size
• D) Using AI tools
• ✅ Answer : (B) Obtaining similar results using the same methodology

❓ 50. What is the purpose of a conceptual framework?

• A) Present raw data
• B) Show relationships among research concepts
• C) Generate citations
• D) Conduct interviews
• ✅ Answer : (B) Show relationships among research concepts

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❓ 51. _______ is referred to as "the father of research on teaching"?

• a) N. L. Gage
• b) David Berliner
• c) Egon Brunswik
• d) Donald T. Campbell
• ✅ Answer : (a) N. L. Gage

❓ 52. The main purpose of research in education is to _________

• a) Increase social status of an individual
• b) Increase job prospects of an individual
• c) Help in the personal growth of an individual
• d) Help the candidate become an eminent educationist
• ✅ Answer : (d) Help the candidate become an eminent educationist

❓ 53. _______ refers to inferring about the whole population based on the observations made on a small part

• a) Pseudo-inference
• b) Objective inference
• c) Inductive inference
• d) Deductive inference
• ✅ Answer : (c) Inductive inference

❓ 54. Sampling is advantageous as it ________

• a) Saves time
• b) Helps in capital-saving
• c) Both (a) and (b)
• d) Increases accuracy
• ✅ Answer : (c) Both (a) and (b)

❓ 55. Random sampling is helpful as it is __________

• a) Reasonably accurate
• b) Free from personal biases
• c) An economical method of data collection
• d) All the above
• ✅ Answer : (d) All the above

❓ 56. Tippit table refers to ____________

• a) Table of random digits
• b) Table used in sampling methods
• c) Table used in statistical investigations
• d) All the above
• ✅ Answer : (d) All the above

❓ 57 . Type-I Error occurs if ___________________

• a) The null hypothesis is rejected even though it is true
• b) The null hypothesis is accepted even though it is false
• c) Both the null hypothesis as well as alternative hypothesis are rejected
• d) None of the above
• ✅ Answer : (a) the null hypothesis is rejected even though it is true

❓ 58. _________ is a preferred sampling method for the population with finite size

• a) Systematic sampling
• b) Purposive sampling
• c) Cluster sampling
• d) Area sampling
• ✅ Answer : (a) Systematic sampling

❓ 59. Research and Development become the index of development of country. Which of the following reasons are true with regards to this statement?

• a) Because R&D targets the human development
• b) Because R&D can improve the standard of living of the people in a country
• c) Because R&D reflect the true economic and social conditions prevailing in a country
• d) All the above
• ✅ Answer : (d) All the above

❓ 60. Which of the following is not an essential element of report writing?

• a. Research Methodology
• b. Reference
• c. Conclusion
• d. None of these
• ✅ Answer : (d) None of these also visit 🌐 Synopsis Writing

❓ 61. Testing hypothesis is a ________

• a. Inferential statistics
• b. Descriptive statistics
• c. Data preparation
• d. Data analysis
• ✅ Answer : (a) inferential statistics

❓ 62. Is it possible to apply projective techniques for exploratory investigation?

• a. Yes
• b. No
• ✅ Answer : (a) Yes

❓ 63. What is the purpose of doing research?

• a. To identify problem
• b. To find the solution
• c. Both a and b
• d. None of these
• ✅ Answer : (c) Both a and b

❓ 64. Which method can be applicable for collecting qualitative data?

• a. Artifacts (Visual)
• b. People
• c. Media products (Textual, Visual and sensory)
• d. All of these
• ✅ Answer : (d) All of these

❓ 65. Which of the following is non-probability sampling?

• a. Snowball
• b. Random
• c. Cluster
• d. Stratified
• ✅ Answer : (a) Snowball

❓ 66. In group interview there are _______

• a. One interviewer and one interviewee
• b. More than one interviewer and one interviewee
• c. One interviewer and more than one interviewee
• d. More than One interviewer and more than one interviewee
• ✅ Answer : (c) one interviewer and more than one interviewee

❓ 67. Which of the following are associated with behavioral observation?

• a. Non-verbal analysis
• b. Linguistic analysis
• c. spatial analysis
• d. All of these
• ✅ Answer : (d) All of these

❓ 68. Uniting various qualitative methods with quantitative methods can be called as……..

• a. Coalesce
• b. Triangulation
• c. Bipartite
• d. Impassive
• ✅ Answer : (b) Triangulation

❓ 69. Multistage sampling is a ________

• a. Probability sampling
• b. Non-Probability sampling
• Answer: (a) Probability sampling

❓ 70. Hypothesis is..........

• a) Conclusion drawn from existing literature
• b) Interpretation of data
• c) Relation between variables
• d) Comparison of assumptions
• ✅ Answer : (b) Interpretation of data

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❓ 71. In which of the following research methodologies, manipulation and control of variables and randomization of sample are 2 of the basic necessities..........

• a) Ex-post facto research
• b) Descriptive research
• c) Case study research
• d) Experimental research
• ✅ Answer : (d) Experimental research

❓ 72. Which one of the following is the main feature of qualitative research?..........

• a) Avoids positivist assumptions and data analysis
• b) Subscribe to pre-existing categories
• c) Collects data in numerical form
• d) Uses the empirical methods of data analysis
• ✅ Answer : (a) Avoids positivist assumptions and data analysis

❓ 73.Which of the following methodology is being used in empirical researches? ..........

• a) Inductive method
• b) Deductive method
• c) Initiative method
• d) Scientific method
• ✅ Answer : (d) Scientific method

❓ 74. Which technique is generally followed when a population is finite? .......

• a) Purpose sampling technique
• b) Area sampling technique
• c) Systematic sampling technique
• d) None of the above
• ✅ Answer : (c) Systematic sampling technique

❓ 75. In which of the following, there is a greater flexibility in both the methodologies and process of research? .........

• a) Ethnography and phenomenology
• b) Descriptive survey and impact studies
• c) Experimental and observation based studies
• d) Ex-post facto and historical studies
• ✅ Answer : (a) Ethnography and phenomenology

❓ 76. Which of the following sequences correctly represents the steps of research using a quantitative paradigm? ........

• a) Hypothesis framing, hypothesis testing, conclusion, and reporting
• b) Establishing a research problem, hypothesis framing, hypothesis testing, generalization and conclusions and implications of result.
• c) Problem identification, sample selection, developing a research design and field work.
• d) Defining a problem, survey of related studies, sampling, data collection, and data analysis.
• ✅ Answer : (b) Establishing a research problem, hypothesis framing, hypothesis testing, generalization and conclusions and implications of result.

❓ 77. A researcher administers an achievement test to assess and indicate the possible effect of an independent variable in his/her study. The distribution of scores on the test is found to be negatively skewed. On the basis of this, what can be started with regard to the difficulty level of the test? .........

• a) The test is very easy
• b) The test is very difficult
• c) The test is neither easy nor difficult
• d) The test is easy and needs normalization
• ✅ Answer : (a) The test is very easy

❓ 78. The personalized and contextualized references are permissible in which type of reporting of researches? ........

• a) Experimental research
• b) Historical research
• c) Ethnographic research
• d) Survey based research
• ✅ Answer : (c) Ethnographic research

❓ 79. In which of the following methodology of research, hypotheses are usually implied rather than being explicit? ........

• a) Descriptive survey method
• b) Historical method
• c) Experimental method
• d) Ex-post facto method
• ✅ Answer : (b) Historical method

❓ 80. Which is the research methodology predominantly used to study cultural anthropology? ........

• a) Interview
• b) Panel discussion
• c) Participant observation
• d) Focus group discussion
• ✅ Answer : (c) Participant observation also visit 🌐 Selection Of Research Topics

❓ 81. Which among the following is NOT related to qualitative research? ........

• a) Thematic analysis
• b) Case study
• c) Discourse analysis
• d) Survey method
• ✅ Answer : (d) Survey method

❓ 82. Experimental researches are aimed to........

• a) Establish association between variables
• b) Describe variables
• c) Study the application of theory
• d) Study trend analysis
• ✅ Answer : (a) Establish association between variables

❓ 83. Through which of the following methodologies of research “cause and effect” relationship is focused?.........

• a) Historical method
• b) Experimental method
• c) Ex-post facto method
• d) Case study method
• ✅ Answer : (b) Experimental method

❓ 84. Quantitative research is otherwise known as ........

• a) Ethnographic approach
• b) Unstructured approach
• c) Descriptive approach
• d) Structured approach
• ✅ Answer : (d) Structured approach

❓ 85. The main purpose of research in education is to........

• a) Increase social status of an individual
• b) Increase job prospects of an individual
• c) Help in the personal growth of an individual
• d) Help the candidate become an eminent educationist
• ✅ Answer : (d) Help the candidate become an eminent educationist

❓ 86. Sampling is advantageous as it..........

• a) Saves time
• b) Helps in capital-saving
• c) Both (a) and (b)
• d) Increases accuracy
• ✅ Answer : (c) Both (a) and (b)

❓ 87. Random sampling is helpful as it is.........

• a) Reasonably accurate
• b) Free from personal biases
• c) An economical method of data collection
• d) All of the above
• ✅ Answer : (d) All of the above

38. ------------ refers to inferring about the whole population on the basis of the observations made on a small part

• a) Pseudo-inference
• b) Objective inference
• c) Inductive inference
• d) Deductive inference
• ✅ Answer : (c) Inductive inference

❓ 89. Different people hold ------------- of the same thing

• a) Same and different
• b) Same
• c) Different
• d) None of the above
• ✅ Answer : (c) Different

❓ 90. In “RESEARCH” “R” means..........

• a) Role
• b) Retain
• c) Relly
• d) Round
• ✅ Answer : (b) Retain

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❓ 91. In which research methodology, manipulation of independent variable and control of extraneous variables are neither possible nor desirable? ..........

• a) Experimental method
• b) Ex post facto method
• c) Historical method
• d) Descriptive survey method
• Answer: (b) Ex post facto method

❓ 92. Which of the following is a non-probability sample?

• a) Quota sample
• b) Simple random sample
• c) Purposive sample
• d) (a) and (c) both
• ✅ Answer : (d) (a) and (c) both

❓ 93. A researcher selects a probability sample of 100 out of the total population. It is .........

• a) A cluster sample
• b) A random sample
• c) A systematic sample
• d) A stratified sample
• ✅ Answer : (b) A random sample

❓ 94. A good hypothesis must be .........

• a) Formulated in such a way that it can be tested by the data
• b) Precise, specific, and consistent with most known facts
• c) Of limited scope and must not have global significance
• d) All of the above
• ✅ Answer : (d) All of the above

❓ 95. Field study is related to .........

• a) Real life situations
• b) Laboratory situations
• c) Experimental situations
• d) None of the above
• ✅ Answer : (a) Real life situations

❓ 96. In the word “RESEARCH” “A” means..........

• a) Articulate
• b) Artist
• c) Article
• d) None of the above
• ✅ Answer : (a) Articulate

❓ 97. Research is based upon ........

• a) Rating scale
• b) Experiments
• c) General principles
• d) Scientific methods
• ✅ Answer : (d) Scientific methods

❓ 98. The main condition which must be followed by research is ..........

• a) Honest exploration
• b) Knowledge of facts and principles
• c) Standardized findings and conclusions
• d) All of the above
• ✅ Answer : (d) All of the above

❓ 99. Researches are generally treated as “identity symbols” of a nation because, ........

• a) Researches reflect the progress of a nation
• b) Researches focus on human development
• c) Researches help in acquiring international prestige
• d) All of the above
• ✅ Answer : (d) All of the above

❓ 100. Validity of a research can be improved by .........

• a) Taking the true representative sample of the population
• b) Eliminating extraneous factors
• c) Both of the above measures
• d) None of the above
• ✅ Answer : (c) Both of the above measures

❓ 101. “One of the methods of logical reasoning process” is called

• a) Induction
• b) Deduction
• c) Research
• d) Experiment
• ✅ Answer : d) Experiment

❓ 102. An essential Criterion of Scientific study is called

• a) Belief
• b) Value
• c) Objectivity
• d) Subjective
• ✅ Answer : c) Objectivity

❓ 103. “Reasoning from general to particular “is called

• a) Induction
• b) deduction
• c) Observation
• d) experience
• Answer: b) deduction

❓ 104. “Deduction and induction are a part of the system of reasoning” – stated by

• a) Caroline
• b) P.V.Young
• c) Dewey John
• d) Emory
• ✅ Answer : b) P.V.Young

❓ 105. …… is “systematically conceptual structure of interrelated elements in some schematic form”

• a) Concept
• b) Variable
• c) Model
• d) Facts
• ✅ Answer : c) Model

❓ 106. The method by which a sample is chosen

• a) Unit
• b) design
• c) Random
• d) Census
• Answer: b) design

❓ 107. Research conducted to find the solution for an immediate problem is ………….

• a) Fundamental Research
• b) Analytical Research
• c) Survey
• d) Action Research
• ✅ Answer : d) Action Research

❓ 108. Fundamental Research is otherwise called

• a) Action Research
• b) Survey
• c) Pilot study
• d) Pure Research
• ✅ Answer : d) Pure Research

❓ 109. Research which follows a case study method is called

• a) Clinical or diagnostic
• b) Causal
• c) Analytical
• d) Qualitative
• ✅ Answer : a) Clinical or diagnostic

❓ 110. Research through experiment and observation is called

• a) Clinical Research
• b) Experimental Research
• c) Laboratory Research
• d) Empirical Research
• ✅ Answer : d) Empirical Research

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❓ 111. …………is a way to systematically solve the research problem

• a) Technique
• b) Operations
• c) Research methodology
• d) Research Process
• ✅ Answer : c) Research methodology

❓ 112. Good Research is always ……………

• a) Slow
• b) Fast
• c) Narrow
• d) Systematic
• ✅ Answer : d) Systematic

❓ 113.The research method is a part of …………..

• a) Problem
• b) Experiment
• c) Research Techniques
• d) Research methodology
• ✅ Answer : d) Research methodology

❓ 114. Identifying causes of a problem and possible solutions to a problem is

• a) Field Study
• b) diagnostic study
• c) Action study
• d) Pilot study
• ✅ Answer : b) diagnostic study

❓ 115. …………… is a motivation for research in students

• a) Research degree
• b) Research Academy
• c) Research Labs
• d) Research Problems
• ✅ Answer : a) Research degree

❓ 116. Which of the following is an example of primary data?

• a) Book
• b) Journal
• c) News Paper
• d) Census Report
• ✅ Answer : c) News Paper

❓ 117. A question which requires a solution is ………….

• a) Observation
• b) Problem
• c) Data
• d) Experiment
• ✅ Answer : b) Problem

❓ 118. Converting a question into a Researchable problem is called …………

• a) Solution
• b) Examination
• c) Problem formulation
• d) Problem-Solving
• ✅ Answer : d) Problem-Solving

❓ 119. The first step in formulating a problem is

• a) a Statement of the problem
• b) Gathering of Data
• c) Measurement
• d) Survey
• ✅ Answer : a) a Statement of the problem

❓ 120. A Hypothesis which develops while planning the research is

• a) a Null Hypothesis
• b) a Working Hypothesis
• c) a Relational Hypothesis
• d) a Descriptive Hypothesis
• ✅ Answer : a) Null Hypothesis also visit 🌐 Journal Publications

❓ 121. An image, perception, or concept that is capable of measurement is called__________

• a) Scale.
• b) Hypothesis.
• c) Type.
• d) Variable
• ✅ Answer : d) Variable

❓ 122. What are the conditions in which Type-I error occurs?

• a) The null hypothesis get accepted even if it is false
• b) The null hypothesisgets rejected even if it is true
• c) Both the null hypotheses as well as alternative hypotheses are rejected
• d) None of the above
• ✅ Answer : b)The null hypothesisgets rejected even if it is true

❓ 123. In order to pursue the research, which of the following is priory required?

• a) Developing a research design
• b) Formulating a research question
• c) Deciding on the data analysis procedure
• d) Formulating a research hypothesis
• ✅ Answer : b)Formulating a research question

❓ 124. How to judge the depth of any research?

• a) By research title
• b) By research duration
• c) By research objectives
• d) By total expenditure on research
• ✅ Answer : c)By research objectives

❓ 125. Which of the following is not the method of Research?

• a) Survey
• b) Historical
• c) Observation
• d) Observation
• ✅ Answer : c)Observation

❓ 126. Research is

• a) Searching again and again
• b) Finding solution to any problem
• c) Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem
• d) None of the above
• ✅ Answer : c)Working in a scientific way to search for the truth of any problem

❓ 127. In the process of conducting research ‘Formulation of Hypothesis” is followed by

• a) Statement of Objectives
• b) Analysis of Data
• c) Selection of Research Tools
• d) Collection of Data
• ✅ Answer : c)Selection of Research Tools

❓ 128. ……………… is concerned with discovering and testing certain variables with respect to their association or disassociation

• a) Exploratory
• b) Descriptive
• c) Diagnostic
• d) Descriptive and diagnostic
• ✅ Answer : c)Diagnostic

❓ 129. The main objective of ……studies to acquire knowledge

• a) Exploratory
• b) Descriptive
• c) Diagnostic
• d) Descriptive and Diagnostic
• ✅ Answer : B)Descriptive

❓ 130. One of the terms given below is defined as a bundle of meanings or characteristics associated with certain events, objects, conditions, situations, and the like

• a) Construct
• b) Definition
• c) Concept
• d) Variable
• ✅ Answer : c)Concept

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❓ 131. Concepts are ……………. of Research

• a) Guide
• b) Tools
• c) Methods
• d) Variables
• ✅ Answer : b)Tools

❓ 132. Concept is of two types

• a) Abstract and Coherent
• b) Concrete and Coherent
• c) Abstract and concrete
• d) None of the above
• ✅ Answer : c)Abstract and concrete

❓ 133. Why do you need to review the existing literature?

• a) To make sure you have a long list of references
• b) Because without it, you could never reach the required word-count
• c) To find out what is already known about your area of interest
• d) To help in your general studying
• ✅ Answer : c)To find out what is already known about your area of interest

❓ 134. What do you mean by Unit of Analysis?

• a) Main parameter
• b) Variables
• c) Sample
• d) Constructs
• ✅ Answer : a)Main parameter

❓ 135. A statement of the quantitative research question should:

• a) Extend the statement of purpose by specifying exactly the question (s the researcher will address
• b) Help the research in selecting appropriate participants, research methods, measures, and materials
• c) Specify the variables of interest
• d) All the above
• ✅ Answer : d)All the above

❓ 136. "Sampling Cases" can be defined as

• (a) Sampling using a sampling frame
• (b) Identifying people who are suitable for research
• (c) Literally the researcher's brief case
• (d) A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.
• ✅ Answer : (d) A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.

❓ 137. Survey is a ……………. Study

• a) Descriptive
• b) Fact finding
• c) Analytical
• d) Systematic
• ✅ Answer : b)Fact finding

❓ 138. In a survey there is an enumerator and a ………………….

• a)Guide
• b)Respondent
• c)Supervisor
• d)Messenger
• ✅ Answer : b)Respondent

❓ 139. The first purpose of a survey is to …………

• a)Description
• b)Evaluation
• c)Pration
• d)Provide Information
• ✅ Answer : d)Provide Information

❓ 140. Questions in which only two alternatives are possible is called

• a)Multiple-choice questions
• b)Dichotomous questions
• c)Open-ended questions
• d)Structured questions
• ✅ Answer : b)Dichotomous questions also visit 🌐 Literature Review Writing

❓ 141. What are the core elements of a Research Process?

• a)Introduction; Data Collection; Data Analysis; Conclusions and Recommendations
• b)Executive Summary; Literature Review; Data Gathered; Conclusions; Bibliography
• c)Research Plan; Research Data; Analysis; References
• d)Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and Conclusions
• ✅ Answer : d)Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and Conclusions

❓ 142. Identifying the causes of a problem and possible solutions to a problem is

• a)Field Study
• b)Diagnosis tic study
• c)Action study
• d)Pilot study
• ✅ Answer : b)Diagnosis tic study

❓ 143. Second step in problem formulation is

• a)Statement of the problem
• b)Understanding the nature of the problem
• c)Survey
• d)Discussions
• ✅ Answer : b)Understanding the nature of the problem

❓ 144. Questionnaire is filled by ……………….

• a)Respondent
• b)Everybody
• c)Enumerator
• d)None of the above
• ✅ Answer : b)Respondent

❓ 145. The main problem withthe questionnaire is

• a)Accessible to Diverse Respondents
• b)Greater Anonymity
• c)Shows an inability of the respondent to provide information
• d)None of these
• ✅ Answer : c)Shows an inability of the respondent to provide information

❓ 146. What does the term 'longitudinal design' mean?

• a) A study completed far away from where the researcher lives.
• b) A study that is very long to read.
• c) A study with two contrasting cases.
• d) A study completed over a distinct period of time to map changes in social phenomena.
• ✅ Answer : d) A study completed over a distinct period of time to map changes in social phenomena.

❓ 147. Which of the following is true regarding research objectives?

• a) Research objectives, when achieved, will provide sufficient earnings to obtain a reasonable return on investment.
• b) Research objectives, when obtained, will ensure the viability of the marketing research department.
• c) Research objectives, when achieved, provide the information necessary to solve the problem.
• d) Research objectives are seldom achieved but should be stated as goals to be sought.
• ✅ Answer : c) Research objectives, when achieved, provide the information necessary to solve the problem.

❓ 148. Wrong questionnaire is an example of ………

• a)Primary data collection problem
• b)Secondary collection problem
• c)A and B both
• d)None of the above
• ✅ Answer : a)Primary data collection problem

❓ 149. The existing company information is an example of which data?

• a)Primary
• b)Secondary
• c)Both a and b
• d)None of the above
• ✅ Answer : b)Secondary

❓ 150. Your colleague is confused about using the marketing research process, as he knows that something is wrong but is not sure of the specific causes to investigate. He seems to be having problems with ________, which is often the hardest step to take.

• a)Developing the research plan
• b)Determining a research approach
• c)Defining the problem and research objectives
• d)Selecting a research agency
• ✅ Answer : c)Defining the problem and research objectives

❓ 151. Where does the research process take place

• a)Laboratories
• b)Schools
• c)Organizations
• d)All of the above
• ✅ Answer : d)All of the above

❓ 152. An essential criterion of scientific study is

• a)Observation
• b)Objectivity
• c)Experimentation
• d)Interpretation
• ✅ Answer : b)Objectivity

❓ 153. A formal document that presents the research objectives, the design of achieving these objectives, and the expected outcomes/deliverables of the study is called

• a)Review paper
• b)Thesis
• c)Research Proposal
• d)Research paper
• ✅ Answer : c)Research Proposal

❓ 154. An image, perception, or concept that is capable of measurement is called

• a)Variable
• b)Operationalization
• c)Hypothesis
• d)Inferring
• ✅ Answer : a)Variable

❓ 155. Research method means

• a)A detailed and careful study of something to find more information about it.
• b)The strategies, processes, or techniques utilized in the collection of data or evidence for analysis
• c) is a document proposing a research project
• d)A statement should show exactly what your paper will be about,
• ✅ Answer : b)The strategies, processes, or techniques utilized in the collection of data or evidence for analysis

❓ 156. The depth of research can be judged by

• a) The research method used
• b) Result of the research
• c) The objective of the research
• d) Both a & c
• ✅ Answer : d) Both a & c

❓ 157. What do you mean by a unit of analysis

• a) an object of study within a research project
• b) A form of proportional reasoning
• c) Facilities and support
• d) Definition & description
• ✅ Answer : a) an object of study within a research project

❓ 158. Which is concerned with discovering and testing certain variables concerning their association or disassociation

• a) Experimental Research
• b) Quantitative research
• c) Qualitative research
• d) All the above
• ✅ Answer : a) Experimental Research

❓ 159. Research methods, procedures, and models of research methodology will help you best achieve your

• a) Result
• b) Grade
• c) Research Objectives
• d) None of the above
• ✅ Answer : c) Research Objectives

❓ 160. What is the purpose of research design MCQ

• a) To get the result
• b) To write the thesis
• c) To publish papers
• d) To provide a clear plan for conducting research
• ✅ Answer : d) To provide a clear plan for conducting research also visit 🌐 Conference Papers Writing

❓ 161. A Comprehensive full report of the research process is called

• a) A proposal
• b) A Review paper
• c) A thesis
• d) All of the above
• ✅ Answer : c) A thesis

❓ 162. The final stage in the research process is

• a) Result
• b) Concluding and presenting the research data
• c) Discussion
• d) Acknowledgment
• ✅ Answer : b) Concluding and presenting the research data

❓ 163. The systematic way to solve the research problem is called as

• a) Discussion
• b) Abstract
• c) Introduction
• d) Research Methodology
• ✅ Answer : d) Research Methodology

❓ 164. Questions in which only two alternatives are possible are called

• a) Dichotomous Question
• b) Rhetorical questions
• c) Hypothetical questions
• d) Matrix questions
• ✅ Answer : a) Dichotomous Question

❓ 165. An essential criterion of scientific study is

• a) Case studies
• b) Objectivity
• c) Experimental studies
• d) Clinical trial studies
• ✅ Answer : b) Objectivity

❓ 166. The hypothesis which develops while planning the research is

• a) Working Hypothesis
• b) Research hypothesis
• c) Null hypothesis
• d) Complex hypothesis
• ✅ Answer : a) Working Hypothesis

HIGS will Help PhD Scholars In Every Step Of Their Research From The Beginning To The End. You Can Now Connect With The Professionals By Dialing +918681018401 And Compose Your Mail & Send It To researchguidance@higssoftware.com .